Hello friends, I hope that you
are absolutely fit as a fiddle. I welcome you to this series of grammar
lessons. This is the second part of the narration series wherein we are going
to learn how we will change direct and indirect narration in
assertive sentences.
In the first part, we have
given detailed information about the types of sentences that we use in
narration and the most important rules that we use to change from direct speech
to indirect speech. In case, you have not gone through the previous part please
learn the basic info about direct and indirect narration with examples.
Type of sentences
There are five types of
sentences in narration just as I have shown in the table along with the connective
words being used in different sentences.
|
Sentence |
Connective word |
|
Assertive |
That |
|
Interrogative |
If /whether or |
|
Imperative |
To |
|
Exclamatory |
That |
|
Optative |
That |
Let’s dive deep into this
article. We will have assertive sentences in narration examples with
answers. Let’s summarize the general information about the first part.
There are two most important
rules in narration. If you follow them, you will never ever make any mistakes.
Romeo is saying, “I
will go to America.”
Let’s take this example!
Reporter “Romeo”
Reporting verb “is saying”
Reported speech “I will go to America.”
Rules in
narration
1 When the reporting verb falls in the present or future tense, we
will change the subject and the object.
2 When the reporting verb falls in the past tense, we change
subject, object, tense, and other words.
You must read the first part
once in order to go through all the lists to understand what and how we change.
Assertive sentences
We will first learn how to
change the subject and the object in the sentences when the reporting verb
falls in the present or future tense.
SON/123 rule:- according to this rule, we make changes in the reported speech
written in inverted commas “___”.
The first person (I, We) in
the reported speech changes according to the subject.
The second person (You) in the
reported speech changes according to the object.
The third person (He, She, It,
and They) in the reported speech doesn’t change.
|
Prsn |
Sub |
Poss. Adj. |
Obj. |
|
1st |
I |
My |
Me |
|
We |
Our |
Us |
|
|
2nd |
You |
Your |
You |
|
3rd |
They |
Their |
Them |
|
She |
Her |
Her |
|
|
He |
His |
Him |
|
|
It |
Its |
It |
Let’s look at the indirect
narration examples,
Romeo is saying, “I
will go to America.” (Direct speech)
In this sentence the reporting verb is in the present tense,
therefore we need to change the subject only. Here ‘I’ is the first person and
thus will go to the subject (Romeo) which is a masculine gender hence we will
use ‘HE’ for it.
Romeo is saying that he
will go to America. (Indirect speech)
Tips to change into
indirect speech
You should always look at the
reporting verb first then follow the rules according.
Change
of subject
The first and second person in the reported speech is
always changed. If there is any first person comes in the reported speech, it
goes to the subject of the sentence.
The farmers say, “We have the responsibility to feed
people.
The farmers say that they have the responsibility to feed
people.
Change
of object
The second person in the reported speech goes to the
object in the sentence. You will always have the object after the reporting
verb. For example,
He says to them.
I will say to my wife.
They said to me.
Teachers say to their students.
Narration
Examples with Answers
He says to his friend, “You are my best friend.”
He tells his friend that he is his best friend.
Direct speech:
“Can you lend me your book?” asked John.
Indirect speech: John asked if I could lend him
my book.
Direct speech: “I saw a movie last
night,” said Tom.
Indirect speech: Tom said that he had seen a
movie the previous night.
Let’s test the learning!
1. Choose the correct indirect speech: He says, “I am going to the store.”
2. Choose the correct indirect speech: He says, “I will be there at 6 pm.”
3. Choose the correct indirect speech: He says, “I love ice cream.”
4. Choose the correct indirect speech: She said, “I am cooking dinner right now.”
5. Choose the correct indirect speech: He was saying to her, “You didn’t submit your project.”
6. Choose the correct indirect speech: The teacher said to me, “You didn’t come yesterday.”
7. Choose the correct indirect speech: Kamal was saying to his friend, “I can’t leave you.”
8. 1. Choose the correct indirect speech: She clearly said to them, “I can’t come to meet you.”
9. Choose the correct indirect speech: My teacher was saying to me, “You should hit the book.”
10. Choose the correct indirect speech: Kamal said to his wife, “I will buy you a phone on your birthday.”
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